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本文实例讲述了centos6.5环境安装nginx服务器及负载均衡配置操作。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
1、下载pcre， 是一个用c语言编写的正则表达式函数库
| 1 2 3 | [root@localhost pcre-8.36] # cd /tmp/download/ [root@localhost download] # wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.37/pcre-8.37.tar.gz [root@localhost download] # tar zxvf pcre-8.36.tar.gz |
2、下载zlib库
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| 1 2 3 | [root@localhost pcre-8.36] # cd /tmp/download/ [root@localhost download] # wget http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/libpng/zlib/1.2.8/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz [root@localhost download] # tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz cd zlib-1.2.8 |
4、下载ssl
| 1 2 3 4 | [root@localhost zlib-1.2.8] # cd .. [root@localhost download] # wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1p.tar.gz [root@localhost download] # cd openssl-1.0.1c [root@localhost openssl-1.0.1c] # tar -zxvf openssl-1.0.1c.tar.gz |
5、下载nginx
| 1 2 | [root@localhost download] # wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.8.tar.gz [root@localhost download] # tar -zxvf nginx-1.2.8.tar.gz |
6、安装
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | [root@localhost download] mv pcre-8.36 /usr/local/ [root@localhost download] mv zlib-1.2.8 /usr/local/ [root@localhost download] mv openssl-1.0.1c /usr/local/ [root@localhost download] mv nginx-1.2.8 /usr/local/ [root@localhost download] cd /usr/local/ [root@localhost local ] # cd pcre-8.36 [root@localhost pcre-8.36] # ./configure&&make&&make install [root@localhost pcre-8.36] cd .. /zlib-1 .2.8 [root@localhost zlib-1.2.8] # ./configure && make && make install [root@localhost zlib-1.2.8] # cd ../openssl-1.0.1c [root@localhost openssl-1.0.1c] # ./config && make && make install [root@localhost openssl-1.0.1c] # cd ../nginx-1.2.8 [root@localhost nginx-1.2.8] # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx && make && make install |
7、启动nginx
| 1 | [root@localhost nginx] # /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf |
8、测试
在确保可以连接到服务器的电脑上，浏览器输入装了nginx的机器的ip地址，会看到welcome to nginx!的提示说明安装配配置成功了。
9、设置开机自动启动（shell脚本处理）
| 1 | [root@localhost logs] # vi /etc/init.d/nginx |
添加以下shell脚本。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 | #!/bin/bash # nginx startup script for the nginx http server # it is v.0.0.2 version. # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server. # it has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone. # processname: nginx # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid # config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nginxd= /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx nginx_config= /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx .conf nginx_pid= /var/run/nginx .pid retval=0 prog= "nginx" # source function library. . /etc/rc .d /init .d /functions # source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network # check that networking is up. [ ${networking} = "no" ] && exit 0 [ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0 # start nginx daemons functions. start() { if [ -e $nginx_pid ]; then echo "nginx already running...." exit 1 fi echo -n $ "starting $prog: " daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config} retval=$? echo [ $retval = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx return $retval } # stop nginx daemons functions. stop() { echo -n $ "stopping $prog: " killproc $nginxd retval=$? echo [ $retval = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /var/run/nginx .pid } # reload nginx service functions. reload() { echo -n $ "reloading $prog: " #kill -hup `cat ${nginx_pid}` killproc $nginxd -hup retval=$? echo } # see how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; reload) reload ;; restart) stop start ;; status) status $prog retval=$? ;; *) echo $ "usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}" exit 1 esac exit $retval |
保存后，设置权限让所有人可以操作。
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| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | [root@localhost ~] # chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx [root@localhost logs] # /etc/init.d/nginx status nginx (pid 2417 2416) is running... [root@localhost logs] # /etc/init.d/nginx stop stopping nginx: [ ok ] [root@localhost logs] # /etc/init.d/nginx start starting nginx: [ ok ] [root@localhost logs] # /etc/init.d/nginx status nginx (pid 2454 2452) is running... [root@localhost ~] # vi /etc/rc.local |
添加：
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| 1 | /etc/init .d /nginx start |
重启电脑就会生效。
注意：脚本里面关于启动目录的，如果你的安装地址不一样，要进行修改。
负载均衡配置：
现有两部服务器：
192.168.137.197 （按照以上操作安装有nginx，作为转发机，虚拟机）
192.168.137.33 （无安装nginx，运行有测试用的web工程，虚拟机）
10.10.33.59 （无安装nginx，运行有测试用的web工程，本地电脑地址）
，运行有测试用的web工程
127.0.0.1 web_app
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| 1 | [root@a conf] # vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf |
配置如下展示：
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| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 | worker_processes 8; pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx .pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 102400; events { use epoll; worker_connections 102400; } http { include mime.types; default_type application /octet-stream ; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; charset utf-8; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 4k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 300m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 60; tcp_nodelay on; client_body_buffer_size 512k; proxy_connect_timeout 5; proxy_read_timeout 60; proxy_send_timeout 5; proxy_buffer_size 16k; proxy_buffers 4 64k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text /plain application /x-javascript text /css application /xml ; gzip_vary on; ###2012-12-19 change nginx logs log_format main '$http_x_forwarded_for - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $request_time $remote_addr' ; upstream web_app { server 192.168.137.197:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; server 192.168.137.33:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; server 10.10.33.59:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; } ####chinaapp.sinaapp.com server { listen 80; server_name chinaapp.sinaapp.com; index index.jsp index.html index.htm; #发布目录/data/www root /data/www ; location / { proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header; proxy_set_header host $host; proxy_set_header x-real-ip $remote_addr; proxy_set_header x-forwarded- for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http: //web_app ; expires 3d; } } } |
设置host：
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| 1 | [root@a conf] # vi /etc/hosts |
添加hosts：
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| 1 | 127.0.0.1 web_app |
启动nginx
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| 1 | [root@localhost nginx] # /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf |
启动三部服务器的web应用：
在192.168.137.197执行指令：
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| 1 | [root@a program] # curl "http://web_app/index.jsp" |
测试结果如下：
常见问题及解决办法：
1、安装pcre时提示configure: error: you need a c++ compiler for c++ support.
原因是没有安装c++编译器，采用下面的命令安装：
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| 1 | [root@localhost pcre-8.37] # yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ |
2、启动nginx失败
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| 1 2 | [root@localhost nginx] # /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx : error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.1: cannot open shared object file : no such file or directory |
原因是64bit的系统，但是默认取了/usr/local/lib里面的包
检查方法：
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| 1 2 3 4 5 | [root@localhost nginx] # cd /usr/local/ [root@localhost local ] # ls /lib64/ |grep pcre libpcre.so.0 libpcre.so.0.0.1 [root@localhost local ] # ls /lib/ |grep pcre |
说明缺失的包在lib64
设置软连接来解决：
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| 1 2 3 | [root@localhost local ] # ln -s /lib64/libpcre.so.0.0.1 /lib64/libpcre.so.1 [root@localhost local ] # cd nginx [root@localhost nginx] # /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf |
3、启动报错：
报错：nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: address already in use)
解决办法：sudo fuser -k 80/tcp
端口被占用，关闭占用端口
