CentOS 5 服务器搭建 Nginx 高效配置指南

一、系统约定 
软件源代码包存放位置 /usr/local/src 
源码包编译安装位置(prefix) /usr/local/software_name 
脚本以及维护程序存放位置 /usr/local/sbin 
MySQL 数据库位置 /var/lib/mysql（可按情况设置） 
网站根目录 /home/www/wwwroot（可按情况设置） 
虚拟主机日志根目录 /home/www/logs（可按情况设置） 
运行账户 www:www 
二、系统环境部署及调整 
1、检查系统是否正常 
# more /var/log/messages （检查有无系统级错误信息） 
# dmesg （检查硬件设备是否有错误信息） 
# ifconfig（检查网卡设置是否正确） 
# ping www.163.com （检查网络是否正常） 
# cat /proc/cpuinfo (检查CPU频率是否正常) 
# top (按1检测CPU核数是否正常，内存大小是否正常) 
2、关闭不需要的服务 
# ntsysv 
以下仅列出需要启动的服务，未列出的服务一律推荐关闭： 
atd 
crond 
irqbalance 
microcode_ctl 
network 
sendmail 
sshd 
syslog 
关闭SElinux：修改/etc/selinux/config文件中的SELINUX= 为 disabled 
3、更换yum国内源 
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d 
# mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.save 
# wget http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/CentOS-Base.repo.5 
# mv CentOS-Base.repo.5 CentOS-Base.repo 
# yum clean all 
4、服务器时间检查和设置 
#data (检查时间是否正确，是否是中国时间CST) 
#cp -f /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime (如果时区不对，则执行，时间正常的跳过) 
#yum -y install ntp (安装ntp对时工具) 
#chkconfig ntpd on (让对时服务开机启动) 
5、使用 yum 对系统进行更新并且安装必要软件包 
#yum update –y 
#yum -y install make openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel libpng libpng-devel libjpeg-6b libjpeg-devel-6b freetype freetype-devel gd gd-devel zlib zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ libXpm libXpm-devel ncurses ncurses-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel imake autoconf automake screen sysstat compat-libstdc++-33 curl curl-devel 
6. 重新启动系统 
# init 6 
三、编译安装L.A.M.P环境 
1、下载软件(截止到09年10月的最新版本) 
# cd /usr/local/src 
#wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.63.tar.gz 
#wget http://download.scientificlinux.net/nginx 
#wget http://download.scientificlinux.net/php-fpm.conf 
#wget http://download.scientificlinux.net/nginx.conf 
#wget http://download.scientificlinux.net/fcgi.conf 
#wget http://download.scientificlinux.net/php-5.2.10.tar.gz 
#wget http://download.scientificlinux.net/php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz 
#wget http://download.scientificlinux.net/ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz （32位系统） 
#wget http://download.scientificlinux.net/ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz (64位系统) 
#wget http://download.scientificlinux.net/mysql-5.1.39-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz (32位系统) 
#wget http://download.scientificlinux.net/mysql-5.1.39-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz (64位系统) 
2、安装MySQL 

代码如下:

cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.39-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.1.39-linux-i686-glibc23 /usr/local/
ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.1.39-linux-i686-glibc23/ /usr/local/mysql
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql-5.1.39-linux-i686-glibc23/
cd /usr/local/mysql
./scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql
cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig –add mysqld
chkconfig –level 3 mysqld on
cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
mv /usr/local/mysql/data /var/lib/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

编辑/etc/my.cnf 
在 [mysqld] 段增加 
datadir = /var/lib/mysql 
skip-innodb 
wait-timeout = 10 
max_connections = 512 
max_connect_errors = 10000000 
在 [mysqld] 段修改 
max_allowed_packet = 16M 
thread_cache_size = CPU个数*2 
将 log-bin 注释 
service mysqld start 
bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘password_for_root’ 
其中引号内的password_for_root是要设置的root密码 
3、安装Nginx 

代码如下:

cd /usr/local/src/
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.63.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.63
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx –conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf –with-http_realip_module –with-http_addition_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_random_index_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_sub_module –with-http_dav_module
make
make install
cp /usr/local/src/nginx /etc/init.d/nginx
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig –add nginx
chkconfig nginx on

4、安装PHP和Zend 

代码如下:

cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf php-5.2.10.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.10 -p1
cd php-5.2.10
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/php5 –with-config-file-path=/usr/local/etc/cgi –enable-mbstring –enable-ftp –with-gd –with-jpeg-dir=/usr –with-png-dir=/usr –enable-magic-quotes –with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –with-pear –enable-sockets –with-ttf –with-freetype-dir=/usr –enable-gd-native-ttf –with-zlib –enable-sysvsem –enable-sysvshm –with-libxml-dir=/usr –enable-force-cgi-redirect –enable-fastcgi –with-xmlrpc –enable-zip –enable-fpm
make
make install
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/cgi/
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/etc/cgi/php.ini
mv -f /usr/local/src/php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf
groupadd www
useradd -g www www
echo ‘ulimit -SHn 65535’ >> /etc/rc.local
echo ‘/usr/local/php5/sbin/php-fpm start’ >> /etc/rc.local
cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
cd ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386
./install

(注意第一个要填的路径是Zend安装路径，第二个是php.ini所在的路径，即/usr/local/etc/cgi) 
(不要选重启apache) 
5、启动Nginx和php 

代码如下:

mv -f /usr/local/src/fcgi.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/
cp -f /usr/local/src/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
mkdir -p /home/www/wwwroot
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/php5/sbin/php-fpm start
service nginx start

在/home/www/wwwroot放入一个index.php，内容为 
打开浏览器访问，即可看到phpinfo页面 
6、设置系统防火墙 
编辑/usr/local/sbin/fw.sh 
复制以下内容进去 

代码如下:

#!/bin/bash
# Stop iptables service first
service iptables stop
# Load FTP Kernel modules
/sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp
/sbin/modprobe ip_nat_ftp
# Inital chains default policy
/sbin/iptables -F -t filter
/sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP
/sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
# Enable Native Network Transfer
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
# Accept Established Connections
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m state –state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
# ICMP Control
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m limit –limit 1/s –limit-burst 10 -j ACCEPT
# WWW Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 80 -j ACCEPT
# FTP Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 21 -j ACCEPT
# SSH Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 22 -j ACCEPT

退出编辑，执行以下命令 

代码如下:

# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
# echo ‘/usr/local/sbin/fw.sh’ >> /etc/rc.local
# /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh